I-Ultraviolet (UV) yimitha ye-electromagnetic ewela phakathi kokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-x-reyi. I-UV LED diode yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu aphambili: UVA, UVB, kunye neUVC. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC, okunobude obufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala kuba inokubulala okanye ingasebenzi iintsholongwane ezininzi, kubandakanya ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nokungunda.

Ukukhutshwa kwemitha ngokuthe ngqo kumzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV akukhuthazwa ukuba kubulawe inzala kuba imitha ye-UV inokubangela umonakalo eluswini nasemehlweni. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC, ngakumbi, kunokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga, umhlaza wolusu, kunye norhatyazo kwaye konakalise iDNA yeeseli eziphilayo. Ke ngoko, akukhuselekanga ukukhanyisa ngokuthe ngqo umzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV, njengoko kunokubangela ingozi. Endaweni yoko, ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukucoca umphezulu okanye izinto, ezifana nezixhobo zonyango, okanye ukucoca umoya okanye amanzi.

Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kuyasetyenziswa kwezinye izibane ze-UV-C kwikhaya ekumele ukuba zibulale iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, kodwa ezi zibane zisenokungasebenzi njengemithombo yokukhanya ye-UV-C esetyenziswa ezibhedlele kunye. iilebhu. Nceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye neziphumo zayo zokuvala inzala.

Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekubambeni inzala

Ukukhanya kwe-UVC, okwakwaziwa njenge "germicidal UV," luhlobo lwemitha ye-ultraviolet enoluhlu lwamaza angama-200-280 nm. Lolona hlobo lusebenzayo lokukhanya kwe-UV ukwenza inzala kuba inobude obufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu, ayivumela ukuba ingene kwaye yonakalise

I-DNA ye-microorganisms, ngokuyibulala okanye ingasebenzi. Oku kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokubulala ii-microorganisms ezininzi, kubandakanya ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nomngundo.

Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngeenjongo zokuvala inzala, kubandakanywa izibhedlele, iilabhoratri, kunye nezityalo ezilungisa ukutya. Kwizibhedlele nakwiilabhoratri, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kusetyenziselwa ukucoca umphezulu kunye nezixhobo, njengezixhobo zotyando, ukuthintela ukwanda kosulelo. Ngokufanayo, kwimizi-mveliso yokutya, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kusetyenziselwa ukucoca amanzi kunye nomoya ukuthintela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms ezinokonakalisa ukutya.

Izibane kunye neebhalbhu ze-UVC zikwasetyenziswa kwizicoci zomoya namanzi ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C ngaphakathi kwezi zixhobo kufanele ukuba kutshabalalise iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezisemoyeni okanye emanzini, nto leyo eyenza kukhuseleke ukuphefumla okanye ukusela. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zibane zisenokungasebenzi njengemithombo yokukhanya ye-UV-C esetyenziswa ezibhedlele nakwiilebhu.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UVC akufuneki kusetyenziswe ukukhupha ngokuthe ngqo umzimba womntu njengoko kunokubangela umonakalo wesikhumba kunye neliso, ukutshiswa lilanga, umhlaza wolusu, kunye ne-cataract, kwaye inokonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli eziphilayo.

Ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kumzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV

Ukukhutshwa kwemitha ngokuthe ngqo kumzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV, okwakwaziwa njengonyango lokukhanya kwe-UV, akukhuthazwa ukwenza inzala okanye nayiphi na enye injongo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imitha ye-UV inokubangela ingozi eluswini nasemehlweni. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC, ngakumbi, kunokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga, umhlaza wolusu, kunye ne-cataract, yonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli eziphilayo.

Imitha yeUV inokuyichaphazela kakubi inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukosulelwa zizifo. Ke ngoko, ukukhanyiselwa ngokuthe ngqo komzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV kufuneka kugwenywe. Ukukhanya kwe-UV kufuneka kuphela kucolise umphezulu okanye izinto okanye kucoce umoya okanye amanzi. Ukuba unyango lwesibane se-UV luyafuneka, kufuneka luqhutywe phantsi kwesikhokelo sokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela.

Ukongeza, ukuvezwa kwemitha ye-UV kunokuchaphazela kakubi amajoni omzimba, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sosulelo. Ngoko ke, i-radiation ngqo yomzimba womntu ngokukhanya kwe-UV ayikhuthazwa. Endaweni yoko, imodyuli ekhokelwa yi-UV kufuneka isetyenziselwe kuphela ukucoca umphezulu okanye izinto okanye ukucoca umoya okanye amanzi. Ukuba unyango lwesibane se-UV luyafuneka, kufuneka luqhutywe phantsi kwesikhokelo sobuchwephesha kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela.

Ubungozi obunokubangwa yimitha ye-UV

Imitha ye-Ultraviolet (UV) inokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yabantu, kubandakanywa nokwenzakala kwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. imitha yeUV inokubangela umonakalo eluswini, emehlweni nakwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zomonakalo kunye neengozi zempilo ezinxulumene nemitha ye-UV zi:

Ukonakala Kwesikhumba

Imitha yeUV inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo zolusu, kuquka ukutshiswa lilanga, umhlaza wolusu nokuguga ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukutshiswa lilanga, okubangelwa kukuchanabeka ngokugqithiseleyo kwimitha yelanga yeUV, kunokubangela ukuba bomvu, iintlungu nokudumba kolusu. Ukuba sesichengeni semitha yeUV ixesha elide kunokwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wolusu, nto leyo enokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa. Imitha yeUV inokubangela ukuba ulusu luguge ngaphambi kwexesha, lubangele imibimbi, amabala agugileyo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokwaluphala.

Ukonakala kwamehlo

Kwakhona imitha yeUV inokubangela umonakalo wamehlo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo, eziquka urhatyazo, ukuwohloka kwemacular ngenxa yokwaluphala nomhlaza wamehlo. Urhatyazo, ukufiphala kwilensi yendalo yeliso, ngoyena nobangela uphambili wobumfama kwihlabathi liphela. I-macular degeneration enxulumene nobudala (AMD) sesona sizathu siphambili sokulahleka kombono kubantu abadala. Zombini ezi zifo zamehlo zinxulunyaniswa nokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwimitha ye-UV.

Inkqubo yomzimba

Imitha yeUV inokuyichaphazela kakubi inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukosulelwa zizifo. Imitha yeUV inokonakalisa iDNA yeeseli, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho olunokukhokelela kumhlaza. Kwakhona imitha yeUV inokucinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iyenze ingakwazi ukulwa nezifo.

Umhlaza

Ukuba sesichengeni semitha yeUV ixesha elide kunokonyusa umngcipheko weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, njengomhlaza wolusu, imelanoma, nomhlaza wamehlo. Imelanoma, olona hlobo lomhlaza wolusu luyingozi, lunokubulala ukuba aluqatshelwa kwaye lunyangelwe kwangethuba.

Imitha yeUV inokubangela imiphumo emibi eyahlukahlukeneyo yempilo, kuquka ukonakaliswa kolusu, ukonakala kwamehlo, ukonakala kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo, nokwandisa umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuchanabeka kwimitha ye-UV ngokuzikhwebula elangeni ngamaxesha axakeke kakhulu, ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, kunye nokusebenzisa i-sunscreen.

Usetyenziso olulolunye lwesibane seUV ukwenza inzala

Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet (UV) kusetyenziswe amashumi eminyaka njengendlela yokuvala inzala kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngenxa yesakhono saso sokwenza iintsholongwane zingasebenzi njengebhaktiriya, iintsholongwane kunye nokungunda. A Imodyuli ekhokelayo ye-UV ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca iintlobo ngeentlobo zemigangatho kunye nezinto, kunye nokucoca umoya kunye namanzi. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokukhanya kwe-UV zisetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala: UV-C kunye ne-UV-A/B.

Ukuvalwa kwe-UV-C

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C, okwakwaziwa njenge "germicidal UV," yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokukhanya kwe-UV ukwenza inzala. Olu hlobo lwe-UV led diode inobude obuphakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-280 nanometers (nm), olona luhlu lusebenzayo kwii-microorganisms ezingasebenzi.

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kunokubulala iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nezinto, kubandakanya izixhobo zonyango, umphezulu welabhoratri, kunye nomoya kunye namanzi. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kukwasetyenziswa kwizicoci zomoya ukubulala ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya nakwizicoci zamanzi ukwenza iintsholongwane ezinje ngebhaktiriya kunye neentsholongwane zingasebenzi.

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kunokuhanjiswa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezibane ze-UV, iibhokisi zokukhanya ze-UV, iirobhothi ze-UV-C, kunye ne-UV-C yomoya kunye ne-UV yokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini. Ezi zixhobo zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezifana nezibhedlele, iilebhu, kunye nezityalo ezilungisa ukutya ukuze kucocwe umphezulu kunye nomoya kunye nokucoca amanzi.

Isibane se-UV-C sokuvala inzala sithathwa njengekhuselekile xa sisetyenziswa kwindawo elawulwayo naphantsi kolawulo lobuchwephesha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuvezwa kukukhanya kwe-UV-C kunokwenzakalisa ulusu kunye namehlo, kwaye amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe ukunqanda ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngaphaya koko, ukuthandwa kwayo kungenxa yokukwazi ukubulala ii-microorganisms ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungayishiyi intsalela emva kokuvalwa inzala. Nangona kunjalo, ifanele isetyenziswe phantsi kolwalathiso lweengcali ukuphepha ukwenzakalisa abantu.

Ukuvalwa kwe-UV-A/B

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B, ezinobude obude kunokukhanya kwe-UV-C, zikwasetyenziselwa ukuvalwa inzala kwezinye iinkqubo. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunobude obuphakathi kwe-315 kunye ne-400 nm, kwaye ukukhanya kwe-UV-B kunobude obuphakathi kwe-280 kunye ne-315 nm. Ngelixa kungasebenzi njengokukhanya kwe-UV-C kwi-microorganisms engasebenziyo, ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kusenokusetyenziswa ukucolisa umphezulu othile kunye nezinto, ezinje ngokupakishwa kokutya kunye namalaphu.

Ngokomzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wokutya, ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvala iintsholongwane ekupakishweni kokutya kunye nezikhongozeli ngokubulala iintsholongwane nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubangela ukonakaliswa kokutya.

Ngokunjalo, ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kusenokusetyenziswa ukuvala amalaphu, njengempahla kunye nebhedi, ngokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubangela ivumba kunye namabala.

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B ziiarhente zokubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni, kodwa ayisebenzi kangako kunokukhanya kwe-UV-C. Olu hlobo lwe-UV led diode lunokuhanjiswa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezibane ze-UV, iibhokisi zokukhanya ze-UV, i-UV yokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini, kunye nezicoci zomoya ze-UV-A/B.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kunokwenzakalisa ulusu kunye namehlo, kwaye amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe ukuphepha ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo. Izibane ze-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo elawulwayo kwaye phantsi kokhokelo lobuchwephesha ukuthintela ukwenzakalisa abantu.

Ngaphaya koko, ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B akusebenzi njengokukhanya kwe-UV-C ekungasebenziyo ii-microorganisms, kodwa zisenokusetyenziswa ukucolisa iintlobo ezithile zomphezulu kunye nezinto, ezinje ngokupakishwa kokutya kunye namalaphu. Noko ke, ukuzisebenzisa phantsi kolwalathiso lweengcali kubalulekile ukuphepha ukwenzakalisa abantu.

Abavelisi be-UV abakhokelayo babonelela ngokukhanya ukuvala inzalo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezifana nezibhedlele, iilabhoratri, kunye nezityalo ezilungisa ukutya. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kusetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni kunye nomphezulu ngokufaka izibane ze-UV kwiinkqubo ze-HVAC, imodyuli ekhokelwa yi-UV, kunye neerobhothi ze-UV-C.

Okokugqibela, ukukhanya kwe-UV yindlela enamandla kwaye esebenzayo yokuvala inzala enokuthi isetyenziswe ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwee-microorganisms zingasebenzi. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokukhanya kwe-UV yokuvala inzala, kodwa ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kusenokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezithile.

Izibane ze-UV-C ekhaya kunye nokusebenza kwazo

Izibane ze-UV-C zikhupha ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala ekhaya. Ezi zibane zinokubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu, njengeekhawuntara kunye neeqhiya zomnyango, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, njengamagumbi kunye namagunjana.

Izibane ze-UV-C zinokusebenza ngokungasebenziyo iintsholongwane ezisemphezulu xa zisetyenziswe kakuhle.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke izibane ze-UV-C ezenziwe zilingana, kwaye ukusebenza kwesibane se-UV-C kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu kunye nexesha lokukhanya kwe-UV-C. Umgama phakathi kwesibane kunye nomphezulu wokubulala iintsholongwane.

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kunokubangela iinkxalabo zempilo, kwaye amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe ukuphepha ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa izibane ze-UV-C ekhaya kucetyiswa kuphela ngesikhokelo sobuchule.

Izibane ze-UV-C zinokusebenza ngokungasebenziyo iintsholongwane ezisemphezulu xa zisetyenziswe kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke izibane ze-UV-C ezenziwe zilingana, kwaye ukusebenza kwesibane se-UV-C kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobude kunye namandla okukhanya kwe-UV-C.

Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-UV kungena emzimbeni womntu?

Ewe iyenza.

Ukukhanya okunobude obude kunokuhamba nzulu eluswini. Ukukhanya kwi-UV spectrum ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlelwe njenge-UV-C (200 ukuya kwi-280 nm), i-UV-B (280 ukuya kwi-320 nm), okanye i-UV-A. (320 ukuya ku-400 nm).

Okokugqibela, ukukhanya okunobude obujikeleze i-ultraviolet (UVB) yeyona nto idala umhlaza. Ikwafumaneka nakwiindawo (ezibangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga) apho i-ozone layer incinci.

Isiphelo kunye neengcebiso

Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet, ngokukodwa ukukhanya kwe-UV-C, kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala ngokukhanyisa ngokuthe ngqo ii-microorganisms kunye nokuzenza zingasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-irradiation ngqo yomzimba womntu kunye Abavelisi abakhokelweyo be-UV ayicebisi njengoko inokubangela ingozi eluswini namehlo.

Ukukhanya kwe-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B, ezinobude obude kunokukhanya kwe-UV-C, inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza inzala kwizicelo ezithile ezifana nokupakishwa kokutya kunye namalaphu. Kodwa ayisebenzi kangako kunokukhanya kwe-UV-C.

Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukukhanya kwe-UV ukwenza inzala phantsi kokhokelo lobuchwephesha kunye nakwindawo elawulwayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuphepha ukwenzakaliswa kwabantu.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kunye nezilumkiso zokhuseleko xa usebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo sokubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni.