Nyali Yopulumutsa Mphamvu Pang'onopang'ono Kukhazikitsa Kusintha kwa Dzuwa la Kulowa kwa Dzuwa

Mababu owunikira ndi ofunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mababu a LED opangidwa ndi mikanda ya 2835 amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 80%, ndipo nthawi ya moyo ndi nthawi 10-20. Mphamvu zopulumutsa mphamvu ndizodziwikiratu, zogulitsazo ndizosiyanasiyana, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosavuta, komanso kuyikako ndikosavuta. Zogulitsa zingapo zimakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zowunikira zamalonda. Nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito akusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ma LED, ndipo nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zomwe zalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi dzikoli zatuluka pang'onopang'ono pamsika. Lingaliro lachitetezo cha chilengedwe limasinthidwa, ndipo nyali yaying'ono yopulumutsa mphamvu ikukumananso ndi mibadwo itatu yakusintha. Vuto lobwezeretsanso kumbuyo kwake ndiloyenera kusamala. Mwina pang'ono pang'ono mphamvu - kupulumutsa mababu kuwala akhoza mphamvu kwambiri moyo wobiriwira. Nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zimatchedwanso compact fulorescent nyali, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati njira zina za nyali zachikhalidwe chifukwa chakupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchita bwino. Njira yotsatsira nyali yaku China yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi mbiri yakale, ndipo boma lidayambitsa 2008 “Kuunika koŵera ”Ma projekiti, okhala m'matauni ndi akumidzi ndi mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zamakampani opambana amatha kusangalala ndi gawo lina la chithandizo. Panthawiyo, nyale zopulumutsa mphamvu zokwana 62 miliyoni zinakwezedwa m’dziko lonselo. Pofika 2009, inali yokwera kwambiri mpaka 120 miliyoni. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, boma lalimbikitsa nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Dzina lokhazikika la nyali yopulumutsira mphamvu ndi kuwala kofanana ndi fulorosenti ya dziko losowa, lomwe linabadwa ku kampani ya ku Philippines ku Netherlands m'ma 1970. Chiyambi chomwe chikuwonekera makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe. M'mbuyomu, zowunikira zimangoganizira za kuchuluka kwake. Kwa nthawi yayitali m'mbuyomu, anthu pang'onopang'ono amakhala okongola, ndipo amalabadira zotsatira za kupulumutsa mphamvu. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ukadaulo wowunikira komanso zida zamagetsi, moyo wa anthu nthawi zambiri umakhala wabwino, kufunikira kwa zida zowunikira kwakula, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwakula. Choncho, chitukuko cha zida zowunikira kwambiri komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zidayamba. Ndi mawu owonjezereka oteteza mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi, kuzindikira za chitetezo cha chilengedwe kukukopa mitima ya anthu. Nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zakopa chidwi cha anthu chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komanso kuchepa kwachangu chifukwa cha zinthu zakale zaposachedwa. Komabe, kufunikira kwa nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu ku China mpaka pano kukadali kwakukulu. Ngati mphamvu yopulumutsa nyali kwambiri anasiyidwa kuipitsa, kwambiri anasiyidwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri oyenerera, mercury zili mu nyali yachibadwa yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 5 mg, yomwe ndi yokwanira kuti ikhale ndi nsonga imodzi ya ballpoint. Chifukwa cha kuwira kochepa kwa mercury, imatha kusanduka nthunzi kutentha. Pambuyo anasiyidwa mphamvu - kupulumutsa nyali chubu wasweka, ndende Mercury mu ozungulira mpweya akhoza kupitirira muyezo ndi mazana nthawi. Pamene mercury yomwe imalowa m'thupi la munthu idutsa muyeso, idzawononga dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha ya munthu, ndipo thupi la munthu likhoza kuphedwa mu mpweya umodzi wa 2.5 magalamu a nthunzi ya mercury. Pankhaniyi, yobwezeretsanso nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu ku China sikukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Asanakhazikitsidwe malamulo a zinyalala gulu, kupatulapo masitolo ochepa kwambiri monga IKEA, ngakhale m'nyumba zambiri zazikulu zomangira nyumba masitolo akuluakulu ndi nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu, palibe mabokosi apadera obwezeretsanso. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ogula ambiri sadziwa kuti muyeso wa batri utatha kusinthidwa, batri yakale ilibe mercury ndipo sayenera kutaya malo omwe asankhidwa; iwo kutenga anasiya Mercury - munali nyali ngati wamba zinyalala mankhwala. Pambuyo pa gulu la zinyalala woyendetsa woyendetsa, “Ziyalala Zovulaza ”M'gulu bokosi, ndizovuta kuti mupeze nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu zosiyidwa. M'malo mwake, kuyatsa kwapanyumba kumakhala ndi mibadwo itatu yosintha. Nyali zitatuzi zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi, koma mu nthawi zosiyana, ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika. Mbadwo woyamba wa nyali umatanthawuza nyali wamba za incandescent, m'badwo wachiwiri umanena za nyali za fulorosenti, ndipo m'badwo wachitatu umatsutsana. Ma LED, nyali za polar, ndi opanga kuwala kwa CCFL onse amanena kuti amapangidwa ndi chowunikira chachitatu. Ndondomeko zoyenera zimanena kuti kuyambira pa October 1, 2012, kugulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa nyali za incandescent zopitirira mawati 100 oposa 100 watts zidzakhala zoletsedwa; m'zaka zinayi zotsatira, nyali za incandescent zamphamvu zosiyanasiyana, mpaka 2016, nyali zowunikira pamwamba pa 15 Watts zatuluka ndi kutuluka Kuwala kwa msika. Nyali za incandescent zisanatuluke pamsika, kuwonongeka kwa nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu kunawonekera pang'onopang'ono, kotero nyali za LED zomwe zimalowa pamsika zimakhalanso zachangu kwambiri. Ma LED akutsogolera msika wamsika. Msika wamsika wamakampaniwo wakweza mpikisano ndipo ukadali wowopsa. LED ndiye chidule cha ma diode owala. Nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti nyali yopulumutsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndi chida cholimba cha semiconductor. Amaonedwa kuti athetse vuto la nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mercury, chifukwa mulibe mercury, ndipo akhoza kupulumutsa 80% ya magetsi. Moyo wautumiki ndi zaka 8 mpaka khumi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, General Electric adayika ndalama za LED. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, Hongguang LED inali yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzowerengera zazing'ono ndi mawotchi apakompyuta. Mitundu yonse ya ma LED monga buluu, ofiira, obiriwira, etc. idzakhala kuwonekera koyamba kugulu muzaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi za magetsi owonetsera, magetsi owonetsera, mawonetsedwe, ndi kuyatsa kwamalo. Koma sangatengepo mbali pabalaza la aliyense. Sizinafike mpaka 1996 pomwe kuwala koyera kwa LED kudapangidwa, ukadaulo wa LED udayamba kuyambitsa kusintha pakuwunikira kunyumba. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a omwe ali mkati mwamakampani, chitukuko chaukadaulo watsopano wowunikira chayamba, ndipo nyali za LED ndizomwe zimachitika. Makampani onse akupikisana ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa LED. Poyerekeza ndi luso lamakono, mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi mlingo wochepa wa kuvomereza kwa ogula, msika wa LED wa chaka chino wasinthidwa kwambiri, koma mpikisano wamsika udakali woopsa. Makampani ambiri omwe ali ndi bizinesi iyi amatsekedwa pansi. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale adanena kuti makampani a LED akugwedezekabe.